Path and Terminator Concept | Airborne Navigation Databases

Flying Training, Instrument Procedures

The path and terminator concept is a means to permit coding of terminal area procedures, SIDs, STARs, and approach procedures. Simply put, a textual description of a route or a terminal procedure is translated into a format that is useable in RNAV systems. One of the most important concepts for pilots to learn regarding the limitations […]

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Airborne Navigation Database Standardization

Flying Training, Instrument Procedures

Beginning in the 1970s, the requirement for airborne navigation databases became more critical. In 1973, National Airlines installed the Collins ANS-70 and AINS70 RNAV systems in their DC-10 fleet, which marked the first commercial use of avionics that required navigation databases. A short time later, Delta Air Lines implemented the use of an ARMA Corporation RNAV

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Airborne Navigation Databases

Flying Training, Instrument Procedures

Area Navigation (RNAV) systems, aeronautical applications, and functions that depend on databases are widespread. [Figure 1] Since the 1970s, installed flight systems have relied on airborne navigation databases to support their intended functions, such as navigation data used to facilitate the presentation of flight information to the flight crew and understanding and better visualization of

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Improvement Plans | Instrument Procedures

Flying Training, Instrument Procedures

In the upcoming years, exciting new technologies will be developed and implemented to help ease air traffic congestion, add to system capacity, and enhance safety. Some of these seamless changes will be invisible to pilots. Others will entail learning new procedures, aircraft equipment, and systems that will introduce powerful new capabilities and dramatically increase the

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VFR Flight into Instrument Meteorological Conditions

Flying Training, Helicopter Flying

Helicopters, unlike airplanes, generally operate under Visual Flight Rules (VFR) and require pilots to maintain aircraft control by visual cues. However, when unforecast weather leads to degraded visibility, the pilot may be at increased risk of Inadvertent flight into Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IIMC). During an IIMC encounter, the pilot may be unprepared for the loss

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Airplane Emergency Response Systems

Airplane Flying, Flying Training

Airplanes may have installed systems that provide alternatives in certain emergency situations. For example, ballistic parachute systems, if installed, may be deployed in an emergency allowing an airplane to descend slowly enough toward the ground such that occupants usually survive the resulting impact with minor or no injuries. Airplanes may also have an Emergency Autoland

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Multiengine Airplane Training Considerations

Airplane Flying, Flying Training

Flight training in a multiengine airplane can be safely accomplished if both the instructor and the learner consider the following factors. The participants should conduct a preflight briefing of the objectives, maneuvers, expected learner actions, and completion standards before the flight begins. A clear understanding exists as to how simulated emergencies will be introduced, and

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Engine Inoperative Approach and Landing

Airplane Flying, Flying Training

The approach and landing with OEI is essentially the same as a two-engine approach and landing. The traffic pattern should be flown at similar altitudes, airspeeds, and key positions as a two-engine approach. The differences are the reduced power available and the fact that the remaining thrust is asymmetrical. A higher-than-normal power setting is necessary

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