Flying Training

Altitude and Atmospheric Pressure, Flight and the Human Body

Aeronautical Knowledge, Flying Training

Altitude and Atmospheric Pressure As altitude increases, atmospheric pressure decreases. On average, with every 1,000 feet of increase in altitude, the atmospheric pressure decreases 1 “Hg. As pressure decreases, the air becomes less dense or thinner. This is the equivalent of being at a higher altitude and is referred to as density altitude. As pressure […]

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Aircraft Performance Charts

Aeronautical Knowledge, Flying Training

Performance charts allow a pilot to predict the takeoff, climb, cruise, and landing performance of an aircraft. These charts, provided by the manufacturer, are included in the AFM/POH. Information the manufacturer provides on these charts has been gathered from test flights conducted in a new aircraft, under normal operating conditions while using average piloting skills,

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Performance Speeds of the Aircraft

Aeronautical Knowledge, Flying Training

True airspeed (TAS)—the speed of the aircraft in relation to the air mass in which it is flying. Indicated airspeed (IAS)—the speed of the aircraft as observed on the ASI. It is the airspeed without correction for indicator, position (or installation), or compressibility errors. Calibrated airspeed (CAS)—the ASI reading corrected for position (or installation) and

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Aircraft Takeoff and Landing Performance

Aeronautical Knowledge, Flying Training

The majority of pilot-caused aircraft accidents occur during the takeoff and landing phase of flight. Because of this fact, the pilot must be familiar with all the variables that influence the takeoff and landing performance of an aircraft and must strive for exacting, professional procedures of operation during these phases of flight. Takeoff and landing

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Pressure Altitude and Density Altitude

Aeronautical Knowledge, Flying Training

Pressure Altitude Pressure altitude is the height above the standard datum plane (SDP). The aircraft altimeter is essentially a sensitive barometer calibrated to indicate altitude in the standard atmosphere. If the altimeter is set for 29.92 “Hg SDP, the altitude indicated is the pressure altitude—the altitude in the standard atmosphere corresponding to the sensed pressure.

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Determining Aircraft Loaded Weight and Center of Gravity

Aeronautical Knowledge, Flying Training

There are various methods for determining the loaded weight and CG of an aircraft. There is the computational method as well as methods that utilize graphs and tables provided by the aircraft manufacturer. Computational Method The following is an example of the computational method involving the application of basic math functions.     Aircraft Allowances:   

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Balance, Stability, and Center of Gravity – Aircraft Weight and Balance

Aeronautical Knowledge, Flying Training

Balance refers to the location of the CG of an aircraft, and is important to stability and safety in flight. The CG is a point at which the aircraft would balance if it were suspended at that point. The primary concern in balancing an aircraft is the fore and aft location of the CG along

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